🔋 Battery Passport - Complete EU Compliance Guide

EU Requirements:

• • Must match company registration documents exactly
• • Include legal form (GmbH, SA, Ltd, BV, etc.)
• • If subsidiary: Include parent company name
• • Example: "Tesla Manufacturing Netherlands B.V."

How to find:

Check: Commercial register (KVK in NL), VAT registration, or Article of Incorporation

Required Format:

• • Address: Street name + number, postal code, city, country (ISO 3166-1 alpha-2)
• • Email: General contact email (e.g., info@company.eu) - must be monitored
• • Phone: Include country code (e.g., +31 58 123 4567)
• • P.O. Box NOT acceptable - must be physical location

Verification:

Address must match production facility OR registered headquarters. Market surveillance may verify.

EU Requirements:

• • If multiple plants: List ALL facilities involved in final assembly
• • Include plant identifier/code if applicable
• • Format: Street, City, Country, GPS coordinates (optional but recommended)
• • If contract manufacturing: Name contract manufacturer + location

Traceability Requirement:

Must link to specific production line/shift if batch recall needed. Recommend internal batch tracking system.

Required Format:

• • ISO 8601 format: YYYY-MM (e.g., 2026-11 for November 2026)
• • Precision: Month and year minimum (day optional)
• • "Final assembly completion" = date battery pack passed end-of-line testing

How to determine:

Use date when battery received final QC approval and was marked ready for shipment. NOT the date cells were manufactured.

Measurement Method:

• • Unit: Kilograms (kg) with 2 decimal precision (e.g., 475.85 kg)
• • Tolerance: ±5% accuracy required
• • Includes: Cells, BMS, housing, cooling system, terminals, all integrated components
• • Excludes: Mounting brackets, external cables (if removable)

Weighing Standard:

ISO 16750 or equivalent. Use calibrated scale (class II minimum). Take average of 3 samples from production batch.

Accepted Values (ISO standardized):

• • NMC (Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide) - specify ratio if known (e.g., NMC 811, NMC 622)
• • NCA (Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide)
• • LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate)
• • LCO (Lithium Cobalt Oxide)
• • LMO (Lithium Manganese Oxide)
• • LTO (Lithium Titanate Oxide)
• • Solid-state (specify electrolyte type)
• • Other (must specify composition)

For mixed chemistry packs:

List all chemistries + percentage by capacity. Example: "60% NMC811, 40% LFP"

Test Method (MANDATORY - IEC 61434 or equivalent):

• 1. Test Conditions:
  • • Temperature: 25°C ± 2°C (controlled chamber required)
  • • Discharge rate: C/5 (20-hour rate)
  • • State of Charge: Start at 100% SoC (4.2V/cell for NMC, 3.65V for LFP)
  • • End voltage: 2.5V/cell (NMC) or 2.0V/cell (LFP) - per cell chemistry
• 2. Calculation of Ah Capacity:
  • Formula: Capacity (Ah) = Discharge Current (A) × Discharge Time (hours)
  • Example: 100A discharge for 5.5 hours = 550 Ah
  • Take average of minimum 3 cells/modules from production batch
• 3. Calculation of Wh Capacity:
  • Formula: Capacity (Wh) = Capacity (Ah) × Nominal Voltage (V)
  • Example: 550 Ah × 400V = 220,000 Wh = 220 kWh
  • Nominal voltage = Weighted average during discharge

Tolerance:

Declared capacity must be ≥95% of tested value. If production variance >5%, declare minimum guaranteed capacity.

Measurement Method (IEC 61960-3):

• Test Setup:
  • • Temperature: 25°C ± 2°C
  • • State of Charge: 50% SoC
  • • Pulse duration: 10 seconds (or 18 seconds per IEC)
  • • Rest period: 40 seconds before measurement
• Calculation Formula:
  • R_internal (mΩ) = (V_rest - V_load) / I_load × 1000
  • Where:
    • V_rest = Open circuit voltage (V)
    • V_load = Voltage under load (V)
    • I_load = Load current (A)
  • Example: (375V - 360V) / 300A × 1000 = 50 mΩ

Why it matters:

Internal resistance determines power loss (heat), charging speed, and lifespan. Lower is better. Typical EV pack: 30-80 mΩ.

Calculation Method (Commission Delegated Regulation - Annex II):

• 1. Methodology: Must follow Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) methodology per Commission Recommendation 2013/179/EU
• 2. System Boundary: Cradle-to-gate (raw material extraction → factory gate)
• 3. Components to Include:
  • • Raw material acquisition (mining lithium, cobalt, nickel, graphite)
  • • Material processing (refining, cathode production)
  • • Cell manufacturing (electrode coating, assembly)
  • • Battery pack assembly
  • • Transport between stages
• 4. Calculation Formula: CF (kg CO₂e/kWh) = (Total emissions in kg CO₂e) / (Battery capacity in kWh)

  Example: 15,400 kg CO₂e / 70 kWh = 220 kg CO₂e/kWh

• 5. Data Quality Requirements:
  • • Primary data (own measurements): ≥70% by impact
  • • Secondary data (databases): Max 30%, must be <5 years old
  • • Databases allowed: Ecoinvent, GaBi, GREET

Calculation Method (Annex XII Part B):

• Formula: Recycled Content (%) = (Mass of recycled material / Total mass of material) × 100
• Example Calculation - Cobalt:
  • Total cobalt in battery: 12 kg
  • Recycled cobalt used: 1.5 kg
  • Recycled content: (1.5 / 12) × 100 = 12.5%
• Minimum Targets:

  Material	2030 Target	2035 Target
  Cobalt	12%	20%
  Lithium	4%	10%
  Nickel	4%	12%

• Verification:
  • • Supply chain due diligence documentation required
  • • Mass balance method acceptable
  • • Recycler must provide certificate of recycled content